Chemistry & Dilution Calculators
Whether you're preparing a reagent on a lab bench, mixing a sanitizer at a food-service sink, or dosing a treatment tank, the same question keeps coming up: how much stock solution and how much water gets you the concentration you actually need? These calculators handle the mass-balance and lookup-table math behind solution dilution, serial dilution series, and the density-to-concentration tables used for common acids and bases.
Chemistry & dilution calculators
Solution Dilution Calculator
Calculate the dilution needed to hit a target concentration using C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
Stock conc & volume, target conc → diluent volume
Ethanol–Water Dilution Calculator
Dilute high-proof ethanol to a target ABV and get the exact water to add, corrected for volume contraction a plain C₁V₁=C₂V₂ misses.
Stock ABV & volume, target ABV → water to add, final volume
Serial Dilution Calculator
Plan a multi-step serial dilution series using a fixed dilution factor at each step.
Stock conc, dilution factor, steps → conc. per step
NaOH Concentration Calculator
Look up sodium hydroxide solution strength (%w/w) from specific gravity, or convert the other way.
Specific gravity or %NaOH → density, %NaOH
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration Calculator
Convert between hydrochloric acid specific gravity and %w/w concentration using a verified reference table.
Specific gravity or %HCl → density, %HCl
Sulfuric Acid Concentration Calculator
Convert between sulfuric acid specific gravity and %w/w concentration using a verified reference table.
Specific gravity or %H₂SO₄ → density, %H₂SO₄
Bleach Dilution Calculator
Calculate how much bleach and water to mix for a target available-chlorine (ppm) sanitizing solution.
Bleach %, target ppm, batch size → bleach & water amounts
KOH Concentration Calculator
Convert potassium hydroxide %w/w to density, SG, g/L and molarity at 20 °C — biodiesel catalyst, soft soap, and electrolyte work.
%KOH or density → SG, g/L, molarity
Nitric Acid Concentration Calculator
Convert HNO₃ concentration and density both ways at 20 °C, covering 0–70% w/w up to the azeotrope.
%HNO₃ or density → SG, g/L, molarity
Ammonia (NH₃) Concentration Calculator
Aqueous ammonia strength from density or the reverse — the one common solution whose density falls as concentration rises.
%NH₃ or density → SG, g/L, molarity
Molarity to Percent Calculator
Universal wt% ↔ molarity ↔ g/L converter with molar masses built in for eight common solutes, or bring your own.
wt%, density, solute → molarity, g/L
The math behind dilution and concentration
Most dilution problems reduce to one mass-balance idea: the amount of solute doesn't change when you add water, only the volume it's spread through does. That's the entire logic behind C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ — concentration times volume before dilution equals concentration times volume after. Serial dilution is the same equation applied repeatedly, each step's output becoming the next step's stock, which is why a small dilution-factor error compounds fast across a long series — useful for calibration curves, colony counting, or any process that needs several concentrations spaced evenly apart.
Strong acids and bases add a wrinkle: concentrated NaOH, HCl, and sulfuric acid are usually specified by percent weight (%w/w) on a safety data sheet, but the easiest thing to measure on a shop floor or in a lab is specific gravity with a hydrometer — and the relationship between the two isn't linear or obvious from the formula alone. That's why these solutions are handled with density-versus-concentration reference tables rather than a single equation: enter a measured specific gravity and get the %w/w concentration, or work in the other direction from a target concentration to know what specific gravity to expect.
Bleach dilution follows the same mass-balance logic as any other solution, just expressed in the units the job actually uses — percent available chlorine on the label, parts-per-million (ppm) in the final sanitizing solution, and a target batch size. That combination shows up constantly in food service, water treatment, and pool and spa sanitizing, where hitting the right ppm matters for both effectiveness and safety.